Status of Nuclear Powers and Their Nuclear Capabilities data as of 01 January 1999
		US	Russia	United Kingdom	France	China	Israel	India	Pakistan
Weapons	Stockpile	12,000	21,000	200	+500	+500	200	+50	~25
Weapons	Deliverable	6,750	5,426	200	444	~325	200	-50	-25
ICBM	Number	500	756			20
	Warheads	2,000	3,590			20
	Type	MM II : 0 MM III: 500 MX PK : 50	SS-18: 180 SS-19: 160 SS-24: 46 SS-25: 360 SS-27: 10			DF-5 : 20
IRBM, MRBM	Number					130	100	0
	Warheads					130	100	0
	Type					DF-3 : 50 DF-4 : 30 DF-21: 50	Jericho 1 : 50 Jericho 2 : 50	Agni
SLBM	Number	432	260	58	64	12
	Warheads	3,456	1,036	~200	384	12
	Type	Trident-1: 192 Trident-2: 240	~~SSN- 8: 152~~ SSN-18: 176 SSN-20: 20 SSN-23: 64	Trident-2: 58	M-4 : 48 M-45: 16	JL-1 : 12
	SSBN	Ohio : 18	~~Delta I: [12]~~ Delta III: 11 [13] Delta IV : 4 [ 7] Typhoon: 1 [ 6]	Vanguard : 3	Inflexible : 3 Triomphant : 1	Xia-SSBN : 1
Strategic Bombers	Number	138	69
	Weapons	~1,300	800
	Type	B-2 : 12 B-1B: 70 B-52: 56	Tu-95H6 : 28 Tu-95H16: 35 Tu-160 : 6
Theater Bombers	Number				60	170	-	-	-
	Weapons				60	170	100	50	25
	Type				M 2000N : 60 S Etendard 0	H-5 : 20 H-6 : 120 Q-5 : 30	F-4 F-16	Jaguar MiG-27	F-16

Sources and Methods

START I Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms (As of January 1, 1999)
NRDC Nuclear Notebook @ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
Current World Nuclear Arsenals @ CDI

North Korea is believed to have about two nuclear weapons, and a variety of potential delivery systems, including perhaps 10 Nodong-1 medium range missiles of uncertain reliability.

Under the START-1 agreement, all nuclear warheads of the former Soviet Union were withdrawn to Russia. The SS-19 and SS-24 ICBMs and BLACKJACK and BEAR H Heavy Bombers to be eliminated remain in Ukraine. The SS-18 ICBMs and BEAR H Heavy Bombers in Kazakhstan were returned to Russia, as were SS-25 mobile ICBMs in Belarus.

Traditionally this type of data display would largely recapitulate American and Russian forces accountable under the then-prevailing strategic arms control agreement. This method was never entirely satisfactory, given the inevitable discrepancies between arms control counting rules and actual force deployments, but in the past it provided a useful indicator of static force postures. In recent years, however, the discrepancies between START-accountable forces and the forces actually available to American and Russian commanders have become so profound as to render a rehearsal of the START-accountable numbers rather uninteresting.

Russian bomber and ICBM numbers are according to the 01 January 1999 START data exchange, which includes all START-accountable treaty-limited items, regardless of their present operational status. Actually available Russian forces are almost certainly rather smaller than displayed here, given low maintenance rates due to financial constraints. Under the START-1 counting rules, some non-deployed Russian forces remain treaty-accountable due to incomplete deactivation, including all the SS-N-8 missiles on Delta-I submarines, two of the remaining 13 Delta-IIIs [one of which has been stricken but not dismantled, the other of which is undergoing a protracted conversion to support special operations], as well as three of the six Typhoon class submarines. The figures for Russian SLBM/SSBN forces displayed here include only actual operational nuclear delivery systems, and ignore these artifacts of the START counting rules. Evidently only one Typhoon SSBN is currently in service, of the seven extant Delta-IVs one has remained in overhaul since 1993 and two others are reportedly unfit for service.

US bomber and ICBM numbers are for Primary Aircraft Inventory [PAI], which excludes backup and attrition reserve aircraft as well as aircraft in depot maintenance and units no longer on alert but not completely dismantled according to START dismatlement rules. Total inventory counts, as well as START-accountable numbers, will be higher than the PAI figures given here. American B-1B bombers remain START-accountable, even though they are currently restricted to non-nuclear conventional missions. The figures for US bomber forces displayed here include only actual operational nuclear delivery systems, and ignore these artifacts of the START counting rules.

01 Jan 1999	PAI	START
B-52	56	204
B-1	70	91
B-2	12	20
MM-2	0	1
MM-3	500	650

Nuclear Warhead Stockpiles

The five acknowledged nuclear powers possess about 31,000 nuclear warheads.

Country	1945	1955	1965	1975	1985	1995	2000
United States	2	2,280	32,400	28,100	23,500	14,000	10,500
Russia/USSR	0	200	6,300	23,500	44,000	28,000	20,000
United Kingdom	0	10	310	350	300	300	185
France	0	0	32	188	359	500	450
China	0	0	5	185	426	400	450
Totals	2	2,490	39,047	52,323	68,585	43,200	31,535

Sources: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and National Resources Defense Council

Nuclear Test Sites

From 1945 until 1998, there have been over 2,000 nuclear tests conducted worldwide.

Nuclear Testing Locations

From 1945 until 1998, there have been over 2,000 nuclear tests conducted worldwide.

Location	Number of Tests
Nevada	935
Kazakhstan	496
Russia	214
Mururoa Atoll	175
Enewetak	43
China (Lop Nor)	41
Christmas Island	30
Bikini	23
Algeria	17
Johnston Island	12
Australia	12
Fangataufa Atoll	12
India	4
Pacific Ocean	4
Malden Island	3
South Atlantic Ocean	3
Alaska	3
New Mexico	3
Pakistan	2
Mississippi	2
Colorado	2
Ukraine	2
Uzbekistan	2
Turkmenistan	1
Total	2,051

Source: National Resources Defense Council

Total Nuclear Testing Yields

From 1945 until 1998, there have been over 2,000 nuclear tests conducted worldwide.

Country	Atmospheric	Underground	Total Yields
China	21.9	1.5	23.4
France	10.0	4.0	14.0
India	-	0.014-0.017	0.014-0.017
Pakistan	-	0.014-0.017	0.014-0.017
Russia/USSR	247.0	38.0	285.0
United Kingdom	8.0	0.9	8.9
United States	141.0	38.0	179.0
(in megatons)	427.9	~82.428	~510.328

Source: National Resources Defense Council